2011年3月31日 星期四

護身符 英文怎麼說

護身符: an amulet (通常是珠寶首飾)
(a piece of jewellery that some people wear because they think it protects them from
bad luck, illness,etc)

護身符:talisman ( an object that is thought to have magic powers and to bring good luck)
護身符:lucky charms: (符咒等) 像是日本御守(omamori)

2011/3/25 You and Yours Listening Notes

C1: IPad-2 and 3Ds Launches: 蘋果Ipad 2及任天堂3Ds 上市
New product launches - especially in new technology - are glitzy affairs designed to capture media attention. How important are they to the success of a new product?
(1) game console 遊樂器
(2) flagship store 旗艦店
(3) the sucessful launch day 首次上市
(4) springboard 出發點
(5) What if the hype backfires?

C2: Rail Complaints: 火車客訴
Edward Walsh of the Association of Train Operating Companies answers complaints about the rail network - including a change allowing "regulated" fares to rise 3 per cent above inflation
(1) hold back venting his frustration
(2) to give their side of story
(3) price hike 價格上漲 oscillation 浮動
(4) This is part of government's policy to switch the burdern from taxpayers to passengers.
(5) franchise : 國家給予的特別經營權

C3: Lego builds its Business 樂高如何建立其積木王國
From the humble plastic brick, Lego's profits are now towering. We find out how Star Wars and Indiana Jones have helped inspire a new generation of builders and boosted sales by 50%.
(1)on the crest of ... 在..的頂端
(2)stick to the ethos of good quality
(3) they’ve turned things around


C4: Budge Travel: 低價旅遊
We analyse the effect of the Budget on the travel industry with air transport consultant John Strickland
(1) The shine has come off that good news 使..相形失色
(2) taxation  稅制
(3) per-plane tax instead of per-passenger tax

C5: Open Water Swimming 在開放水域游泳
Peter takes a cold water dip in Hampstead Ponds in London to find out first hand why there's a surge of interest in this pastime.
(1) sterilized pool 消毒的泳池

C6: Customer email adresses lost: Play.com及Trip Advisor 遺失大批顧客電郵地址
Music and film retailer Play.com and travel website Trip Advisor face investigations by the Information Commission after admitting that some of their customer e-mail addresses have been stolen.

C7: Tesco Pricecheck:  特易購更改退費規定
Tesco have changed the rules covering its price pledge refund scheme to limit refunds to £20.


http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00zm3j1#p00fxfm5

2011年3月29日 星期二

隔代教養 英文怎麼說

隔代教養: grandparenting

Grandparents raising grandchildren

Skipping a generation

Millions of grandparents are filling in for missing or misguided parents

  SOME kinds of non-traditional family get more attention than others. In the 1990s welfare reform flashed a spotlight on America's poor single mothers. More recently, ballot initiatives on gay marriage and unions have put more children with two mothers or a pair of fathers in the public eye. By contrast, children being brought up by their grandparents rarely attract public interest. Yet over the past few years federal and state governments have quietly been fiddling with their policies in order to help these families more effectively.
   Grandparents are now raising an awful lot of America's poorest and most troubled children. In 2000, the first time that the Census Bureau took a proper count, 2.4m grandparents were bringing up their children's kids. To put that in perspective, fewer than 2m poor American families now receive formal welfare payments under Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, the programme that sparked a fierce national debate when welfare was reformed a decade ago.
  Many of those grandchildren are in poor shape. For starters, the events that have left them parentless usually mean that their lives have been hard. In most cases, the parents are missing because of drugs, prison, mental illness, or a history of neglecting or abusing their child.
   Moreover, the grandparents in these families tend to have their own limitations. A 2003 study by the Urban Institute, a centre-left think-tank, found that among grandparents responsible for raising children, 37% had incomes below the federal poverty threshold, and 66% were low-income (less than twice the poverty level). One-third of the grandparents raising children had not finished high school, and 62% had no college education. There is also an obvious generational gap in energy levels: whereas 70% of the grandparents were over 50 years old, the study found, 70% of the children were 11 or younger. Statistics apart, it is also clear that many of these grandparents did not do a good job of bringing up their own children.
   One way federal and state governments have tried to help is by tweaking elderly-assistance programmes to account explicitly for grandparents' needs. In 2000, when Congress renewed the Older Americans Act (a collection of goodies for retired folk) it added a new programme offering the states grants to help grandparents.
  Some states now offer better information and counselling: on what kind of health care is available, how to help with homework and so forth. Bruce Carver, who co-ordinates many services for old people in western Kentucky's Pennyrile region, says that one popular part of the new programme has been respite care. This pays for the grandparents to have someone else mind the kids for a few weeks when school is out, since the teachers can no longer give them a breather everyday.
  Two problems still stand out, however. One is mental health. A study last year by the Chapin Hall Centre for Children, at the University of Chicago, focused on child-rearing grandmothers in a couple of Chicago suburbs. It pointed to a link between the grandmothers' symptoms of depression and the grandchildren's emotional and behavioural troubles, but found that many of these families were not getting the help they needed.
   The other problem involves custody. For various reasons, such as a private agreement with the parents or some sort of dispute, grandparents often do not have formal custody. Yet without it, many find it extremely difficult to obtain the health care to which their grandchildren are entitled, or to get them into a convenient public school. Some grandparents also face a deeply painful choice: whether to fight for custody when the parents want their children back but still seem unfit. A legal battle generally means the grandparents attacking their own children in court.

雙薪家庭 英文怎麼說

雙薪家庭: dual-earner household
賺錢養家的人: breadwinner
頂客族: DINK= Dual Income, No Kids

參考:

The Spousal Safety Net

Today's Economist
 Nancy Folbre is an economics professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
In today’s economy, men are lucky if they have a wife in their portfolio. Traditional women’s jobs have been hit less hard by recession than men’s jobs. Many married women have softened the financial impact of their husbands’ unemployment by finding jobs or increasing their hours of paid work.
As a result, dual-earner households are becoming more dual. A recent briefing paper by Kristin Smith of the Carsey Institute of the University of New Hampshire documents a sharp uptick in historical trends. Wives now contribute 47 percent of family income in married-couple households where the wives are employed.
Kristin Smith, Carsey Institute,
University of New Hampshire
Professor Smith explains that increased reliance on wives’ earnings largely reflects a recession-related decline in men’s employment and earnings.
Past estimates have suggested that the effect of a husband’s unemployment on his wife’s participation in paid employment — termed the added-worker effect — is small.
But in the past, unemployment was often temporary. Today, the average duration of unemployment has reached a record high.
Not surprisingly, we now see evidence of a significant added-worker effect – more specifically a husband-without-a-job effect.

In a just-published article in the journal Family Relations, Professor Smith and her colleague and co-author Marybeth J. Mattingly offer a fascinating comparison of how wives responded when husbands moved out of paid employment between May of 2004 and May 2005 (a period of economic expansion) and between May 2008 and May 2009 (a period of recession).
Wives increased their hours of paid employment significantly more in the second period, helping explain why their relative contribution to family income increased. Declines in family wealth (such as the value of a home) probably intensified the effect of persistently high unemployment rates among men, pushing married women to accept jobs they might have refused in the earlier period.
The spousal safety net didn’t help all couples, because not all wives were able to find employment. Also, it’s unlikely that the increase in wives’ earnings fully compensated for the decline in husbands’ earnings, because, as Professor Smith points out, women employed full-time year-round earn, on average, about 83 percent of what their male counterparts earn.
One wonders if men who stopped working for pay began doing more work around the house. Research on the time use of men without jobs in the United States finds that they don’t devote much more time to housework and child care than other men. However, husbands who become more dependent on a wife’s earnings over time are likely to be more responsive.
Pooling income and housework doesn’t magically guarantee economic security. As the sociologist Jacob Hacker points out in The Great Risk Shift, unemployment of either spouse can jolt family income. Some married couples have fallen into what Elizabeth Warren and Amelia Warren Tyagi call the two-income trap, borrowing more than they afford.
But married men – who tend to be better educated and more affluent than single men both before and after marriage — clearly benefit from their wives’ earning potential.
Perhaps the traditional marriage vow needs an update: For better or worse, for richer or poorer, in expansion or recession, in short-term or especially long-term unemployment.
http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/12/the-spousal-safety-net/#more-84613

2011年3月24日 星期四

2011/3/18 You and Yours Listening Notes

C1: Royal Wedding Street Party  舉辦街頭派對來慶祝凱特與威廉王子皇家婚禮 並不如所想的簡單
Why holding a street party to celebrate the Royal Wedding may not prove as easy as the first thought.
The organiser who, despite pledges from the government that holding street parties to mark the Royal Wedding will be 'easier than ever', has been asked by her local council to adhere to thirty conditions - including providing her own road cones (traffic cone) and obtaining public liability insurance to the value of £5 million.
(1) conditions asked to meet: six-page document with thirty covenants. (合約)
(2) The event organizers take responsiblity for everything from food safety,noise safety and road safety.  
(3)get your neighbors to chip in the insurance.  跟鄰居保險費用
(4) Obligations put people off  使...退卻
(5) endless form-filling stringent measures and legal stuff
(6) It goes against all the whole ethos of the day. 與當天的思想違背
(6) silver jubilee 25 週年紀念日
(7) bunting: 裝飾街道用的彩紙
(8) stringent requirement <--> lax 嚴格的規範
(9) an increasingly litigious society 愛訴訟的
(10) put in your application by March 18th. 三月十八號前交出申請書

C2/C5: Dermot O'Leary 紅鼻子慈善會主持人 Dermot O'Leary 分享 慈善募款對他的影響
Red Nose Day presenter Dermot O'Leary on how walking across one of the world's harshest deserts to raise money for Comic Relief has shaped him.
(1) do it wholeheartedly
(2) whining youngster 哭哭啼啼抱怨的年輕人
(3) To use and abuse your celebrity to raise money is a sensible way of charity.
(4) unsettling 令人不安的
(5) be closely entwined with their livestock 與牲口緊密相關


C3: School Report 校園報導: 多塞特交通導護(lollipop patrols) 將有一線希望保留下來  
How an interview for the BBC's School Report has given fresh hope that Dorset's lollipop patrols will be saved
(1) lollipop lady 交通導護媽媽
(2) make provisions for.. 為...做準備
(3) The county council signs up to the BIG SOCIETY idea that the government is pushing. (還政於民的大社會概念)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-12780324

C4: Oddbins: 英國最後一個獨立外賣酒的商店Oddbins 面臨經營困難
The UK's last independent off licence chain in in trouble.
(1) The company still has a heartbeat.
(2) Oddbins has the highest price per bottle compared with other off-licence stores.

C6: Train Journey from Hell: 梅林傳奇主角:理察威爾森 分享為何他要進行"調查英國火車服務"這樣艱鉅的任務
Richard Wilson, star of Merlin and One Foot in the Grave, tells us why he took on the challenge of investigating UK train services.
(1) love-and-hate relationship with trains
(2) to criss and cross the UK by train
(3) Booking in advance means tangling with voice recoginition on the phone
(4) grossly overcrowding: There aren't enough carriages, so people just sit on the loos. (= 盥洗室)
(5) be penalized for changing your mind, like getting off one stop earlier.  因為改變主意被處罰
(6) luggage rack 行李架

C7: Interviews with a Stammer: 口吃者如何準備面試?
Ashley Morrison tells us what job interviews are like when you have a stammer.
(1) Oscar-adorned film
(2) If thrown a question which has been anticipated or familiar, I will find it significantly harder to answer it. 如果被問的問題不熟悉或出乎意料之外 口吃者就比較有困難回答.
(4) shake the feeling that...
(5) Stammers have clear idea of what you want to say, and you will do well. 清楚自己想說的話 就能克服口吃問題
C8: Olympics: 五十項物品禁止攜帶進入奧運會場 包括飛盤, 手機,等
A list of fifty things you may not take to watch the Olympic games is published including frisbees and mobiles, horns and food.
(1) Objects which bear trademarks can't be allowed.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00zfmvw

2011年3月23日 星期三

2011/3/17 You and Yours Listening Notes

C1: Surface Water Bills:
Are the water companies doing enough to make sure their customers aren’t paying for services they don’t use or need?
(1) over-surface drainage which takes away from the property
(2)Water companies unfortunately charge all the customers the surface drainage charge by default. 
(3) extension 建築物增建部份
(4) Individual assessment of each property is needed.
(5) be entitled to get the rebate 有權利得到退款

C2: Comic Relief:
(Comic Relief 是英國的慈善機構 透過娛樂的力量來消除世界的貧窮)
Peter White remembers his 100 Km Desert Trek ahead of the Documentary tonight
(1) one heart-stopping moment

C3: 5-pound notes in cash points: 為何提款機的五磅鈔票
There are supposed to be more of them in circulation, but only 3% of our cash points dispense them.
(1) break into large notes
(2) fiver: 五磅鈔票

C4: Irish Economy & Toursim: 愛爾蘭經濟與旅遊業現況:
St Patrick's Day traditionally marks the start of the tourist season for Ireland and in the current harsh economic environment, tourism is more important for the country than ever.


C5: Fingerprinting 指紋辨識將取代傳統的會員卡
Fingerprinting is set to replace the more traditional membership card but would you give your fingerprints for a session on the sunbed?
(1) Your wallet is congested with a variety of royalty cards.
(2) encrypted data 

C6: Stafford Hospital:   英國國民健保局至今已花五個月三百萬英磅調查Stafford Hospital 糟糕的醫療服務  
The public inquiry following the hundreds of unexpected deaths at Stafford Hospital is now in its fifth month and has cost more than £3 million. So what's emerged that has not come out before?
(1) sit on the enquiry
(2) My mom who had been a proud woman now clung to me like a baby; there was not any form of care.

C7: Poor Theatre 簡約劇場提供英國社區和村落戲劇表演
Theatre can be expensive if you live far from a city. A number of companies across the country aim to bring affordable theatre to village and community halls across the UK.

C8: Internet Speed 網路連線速度
We talk to technology correspondent Rory Cellan-Jones about the future of two speed internet services.


http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00zfmqg

2011年3月22日 星期二

2011/3/16 You and Yours Listening Notes

C1: Southern Cross: Southern Cross 面臨安養院經營困境
Chief Executive Jamie Buchan on the future of Britain's biggest care home operator.
(1) 750 of care homes are run by Southern Cross which warns it can not survive in the long term.
(2) crystallization 明確 澄清
(3) Negotiating with the landlords is like herding cats.
(4) have a shining reputation
(5) break even 收支平衡

C2:  British apples: 英國蘋果市場:
As the Gala takes over from the Cox as our favourite English apple, we discuss the state of the British apple market.
(1) There is an upsurge of demand for locally-grown produce.
(2) union jet logo

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/8378992/Cox-apple-toppled-by-the-gala.html#

C3: Ryanair to Allow complaints by e-mail: 英國廉價航空: 瑞安航空開放接受電子郵件型式的抱怨函 
What impact will it have on customers?

C4: Retail Conference: 零售業會議
Some of the biggest names in retail talk to our reporter Melanie Abbott.
(1) clued-up customers: 所知甚多的消費者 (savvy)

C5: Phone Charges: 在OFCOM 新規範下 打電話到手機話費可望下降
Prices for calls to mobiles are set to fall under new OFCOM rules.
Should there be a cap on mobile phone roaming charges worldwide - just as there are in Europe? 手機漫遊費用是否應該像在歐洲一樣有最高限額

C6: Malnutrition: 醫療院所的病人是否營養不良
The Patients Association launches a survey on nutrition - have your say.
(1) It is unpleasant and undignified to have patients lie in a wet bed.

C7: BBC 新報告探討什麼原因讓聽眾無法理解節目主持人?

A new BBC report shows that poor diction and regional accents are among the factors which prevent people from understanding TV presenters.
(1) background music, (背景音樂) regional accents, (地區發音差異) speaking too fast , poor pronounciation
(2) per se 本身
(3) It is not the question of accents but the question of how you deliver it.
(4) babble like a fool
(5) breathe right